This Article Reprint (PDF) Submit a response to this article Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Services E-mail this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to My Personal Archive Download to Citation Manager Reprints & Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (33) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Rettig, R. A. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Rettig, R. A. Related Collections Pharmaceuticals Research And Technology

Health Affairs, Vol 19, Issue 2, 129-146
Copyright © 2000 by Project HOPE

Journal Article

The industrialization of clinical research

Recent controversies over the protection of human subjects, payment of physicians for recruiting patients to clinical trials, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) removal of approved drugs from the market, and reporting of results of clinical trials have highlighted important facets of clinical research. Less visible has been the industrialization of clinical research, and especially of clinical trials, that is, its emergence as a "line of business" of substantial magnitude and rapid growth. The growth of drug-industry outsourcing of clinical trials and the concomitant rise of a contract research industry are described in this paper, which argues for greater transparency in the conduct of both publicly and privately sponsored clinical trials.

                      What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				D. Buchanan, S. Sifunda, N. Naidoo, S. James, and P. Reddy Assuring Adequate Protections in International Health Research: A Principled Justification and Practical Recommendations for the Role of Community Oversight Public Health Ethics, June 14, 2008; (2008) phn027v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. H. Morreim Litigation in Clinical Research: Malpractice Doctrines Versus Research Realities J. Law Med. Ethics, September 1, 2004; 32(3): 474 - 484. [PDF]

				D. T. Chen, F. G. Miller, and D. L. Rosenstein Clinical Research and the Physician-Patient Relationship Ann Intern Med, April 15, 2003; 138(8): 669 - 672. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. G. Miller and D. L. Rosenstein The Therapeutic Orientation to Clinical Trials N. Engl. J. Med., April 3, 2003; 348(14): 1383 - 1386. [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. E. Bekelman, Y. Li, and C. P. Gross Scope and Impact of Financial Conflicts of Interest in Biomedical Research: A Systematic Review JAMA, January 22, 2003; 289(4): 454 - 465. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. G. Miller and A. F. Shorr Ethical Assessment of Industry-Sponsored Clinical Trials* : A Case Analysis Chest, April 1, 2002; 121(4): 1337 - 1342. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. C. Gelijns and S. O. Thier Medical Innovation and Institutional Interdependence: Rethinking University-Industry Connections JAMA, January 2, 2002; 287(1): 72 - 77. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Morin, H. Rakatansky, F. A. Riddick Jr, L. J. Morse, J. M. O'Bannon III, M. S. Goldrich, P. Ray, M. Weiss, R. M. Sade, and M. A. Spillman Managing Conflicts of Interest in the Conduct of Clinical Trials JAMA, January 2, 2002; 287(1): 78 - 84. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]