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Health Affairs, 24, no. 1 (2005): 67-78
doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.24.1.67
© 2005 by Project HOPE
 
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Surrogate Endpoints And FDA’s Accelerated Approval Process

Thomas R. Fleming



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EXHIBIT 1 A Reason For The Unreliability Of A Proposed Surrogate Endpoint: The Proposed Surrogate Is Not In The Causal Pathway Of The Disease Process

 


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EXHIBIT 2 Additional Reasons For The Unreliability Of Proposed Surrogates: Disease Processes Having Multiple Causal Pathways And Interventions Having Mechanisms Of Action Independent Of The Disease Process

 


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EXHIBIT 3 Hazard Ratios For Disease-Free Survival (DFS) Versus Overall Survival (OS), Studies Of Adjuvant Colon Cancer, November 2003

 


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