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Cross-National ComparisonsPROLOGUE: The times we live in are often characterized as an era of growing globalization and consolidation, in terms of economic and cultural exchanges of an unprecedented scale. The Internet allows nearly instantaneous communication over thousands of miles. Companies decisions and stock markets movements in one country have immediate, compelling effects on others around the world. Some decry this trend; others embrace it. In such an era, nations cannot afford to be insular, and ethnocentrism bears too high a price tag. Despite political and cultural differences across countries, world citizens have much to learn from how others have tackled problems similar to their own. Nowhere is this more true than in health care. Here we present a diverse set of papers united by a common thread: comparing critical health system components across nations. The first paper, by Robert Blendon, Minah Kim, and John Benson, reviews a controversial new report by the World Health Organization (WHO) examining health system performance in seventeen countries. They compare these data with findings from Eurobarometer 49, general population surveys done in fifteen European countries; and with findings from two surveys by the Harvard School of Public Health. This paper is accompanied by a reaction from WHO researchers. Next, Mark McClellan and Daniel Kessler, on behalf of the Technological Change in Health Care (TECH) Research Network, explore differences in technological change around the world, based on evidence from heart attack care in sixteen countries. Finally, Linda Aiken and a multinational group of authors report the results of surveys of nurses in five countries, focusing on nurses perceptions of their own working conditions as well as care of patients in hospitals.
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